目的：安装grub到u盘，用u盘来维护系统
条件：u盘支持usb-hdd启动就可以了
环境：archlinux200806 朗科(netac)U208简约型闪存盘(2G)
实现步骤：
1、启动archlinux，插入u盘，fdsik查看是否检测到u盘，这里的/dev/sdb就是刚插入的u盘
[root@vkill'host ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 4 32098+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 5 431 3429877+ 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 5 369 2931831 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 370 431 497983+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 2004 MB, 2004877312 bytes
62 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1018 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 3844 * 512 = 1968128 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x6f20736b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
2、先给u盘分区，分区方案自己照自己情况，这里分区方案为2P+1E，以/dev/sdb2上安装grub为例
这里注意：第一个主分区建议分个fat32或者ntfs，作为日常windows下U盘使用
[root@vkill'host ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 2004 MB, 2004877312 bytes
62 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1018 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 3844 * 512 = 1968128 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x6f20736b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 407 782223 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdb2 408 424 32674 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 425 1018 1141668 5 Extended
3、激活/dev/sdb2 ，这步很重要，如不激活，是引导不了的
[root@vkill'host ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): a
Partition number (1-6): 2
Command (m for help): w
[root@vkill'host ~]#
4、查看/dev/sdb2是否激活，看到boot那列有个 * 就合适了
[root@vkill'host ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 2004 MB, 2004877312 bytes
62 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1018 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 3844 * 512 = 1968128 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x6f20736b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 407 782223 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdb2 * 408 424 32674 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 425 1018 1141668 5 Extended
[root@vkill'host ~]#
5、格式化/dev/sdb2，建议格式化为ext2格式
[root@vkill'host ~]# mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdb2
6、挂载/dev/sdb2
[root@vkill'host ~]# mkdir /media/test
[root@vkill'host ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /media/test
7、现在先查看/media/test下是否有文件(做这步是为了和安装好grub做比较)，可以看到还没有
[root@vkill'host ~]# ls /media/test
lost+found
8、安装grub到u盘上
[root@vkill'host ~]# grub-install --root-directory=/media/test/ --no-floppy /dev/sdb
9、再查看/media/test下是否有文件，可以看到多了很多文件，都是grub启动所需的必要文件
[root@vkill'host ~]# ls /media/test/
boot lost+found
[root@vkill'host ~]# ls /media/test/boot/grub/
default ffs_stage1_5 reiserfs_stage1_5 vstafs_stage1_5
device.map iso9660_stage1_5 stage1 xfs_stage1_5
e2fs_stage1_5 jfs_stage1_5 stage2
fat_stage1_5 minix_stage1_5 ufs2_stage1_5
10、复制当前系统的menu.lst到u盘grub下
[root@vkill'host ~]# cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /media/test/boot/grub/
11、修改meun.lst，参照网上配置grub的教程修改
grub也可以启动maxdos等
[root@vkill'host ~]# vi /media/test/boot/grub/menu.lst
12、以grub shell来安装grub到MBR
[root@vkill'host ~]# grub
grub> root (hd1,1)
Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83
grub> setup (hd1)
Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... yes
Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists... yes
Checking if "/boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists... yes
Running "embed /boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd1)"... 16 sectors are embedded.
succeeded
Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 (hd1) (hd1)1+16 p (hd1,1)/boot/grub/stage2
/boot/grub/menu.lst"... succeeded
Done.
grub> quit
[root@vkill'host ~]#
13、卸载u盘
[root@vkill'host ~]# umount /dev/sdb2
14、重新启动计算机，BIOS中选择硬盘启动，修改硬盘引导顺序，选择u盘先引导，F10保存，重新启动就ok!
Last modified by vkill on2008/08/21 20:22
条件：u盘支持usb-hdd启动就可以了
环境：archlinux200806 朗科(netac)U208简约型闪存盘(2G)
实现步骤：
1、启动archlinux，插入u盘，fdsik查看是否检测到u盘，这里的/dev/sdb就是刚插入的u盘
[root@vkill'host ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 4 32098+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 5 431 3429877+ 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 5 369 2931831 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 370 431 497983+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Disk /dev/sdb: 2004 MB, 2004877312 bytes
62 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1018 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 3844 * 512 = 1968128 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x6f20736b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
2、先给u盘分区，分区方案自己照自己情况，这里分区方案为2P+1E，以/dev/sdb2上安装grub为例
这里注意：第一个主分区建议分个fat32或者ntfs，作为日常windows下U盘使用
[root@vkill'host ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 2004 MB, 2004877312 bytes
62 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1018 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 3844 * 512 = 1968128 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x6f20736b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 407 782223 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdb2 408 424 32674 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 425 1018 1141668 5 Extended
3、激活/dev/sdb2 ，这步很重要，如不激活，是引导不了的
[root@vkill'host ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): a
Partition number (1-6): 2
Command (m for help): w
[root@vkill'host ~]#
4、查看/dev/sdb2是否激活，看到boot那列有个 * 就合适了
[root@vkill'host ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 2004 MB, 2004877312 bytes
62 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1018 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 3844 * 512 = 1968128 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x6f20736b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 407 782223 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdb2 * 408 424 32674 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 425 1018 1141668 5 Extended
[root@vkill'host ~]#
5、格式化/dev/sdb2，建议格式化为ext2格式
[root@vkill'host ~]# mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdb2
6、挂载/dev/sdb2
[root@vkill'host ~]# mkdir /media/test
[root@vkill'host ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /media/test
7、现在先查看/media/test下是否有文件(做这步是为了和安装好grub做比较)，可以看到还没有
[root@vkill'host ~]# ls /media/test
lost+found
8、安装grub到u盘上
[root@vkill'host ~]# grub-install --root-directory=/media/test/ --no-floppy /dev/sdb
9、再查看/media/test下是否有文件，可以看到多了很多文件，都是grub启动所需的必要文件
[root@vkill'host ~]# ls /media/test/
boot lost+found
[root@vkill'host ~]# ls /media/test/boot/grub/
default ffs_stage1_5 reiserfs_stage1_5 vstafs_stage1_5
device.map iso9660_stage1_5 stage1 xfs_stage1_5
e2fs_stage1_5 jfs_stage1_5 stage2
fat_stage1_5 minix_stage1_5 ufs2_stage1_5
10、复制当前系统的menu.lst到u盘grub下
[root@vkill'host ~]# cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /media/test/boot/grub/
11、修改meun.lst，参照网上配置grub的教程修改
grub也可以启动maxdos等
[root@vkill'host ~]# vi /media/test/boot/grub/menu.lst
12、以grub shell来安装grub到MBR
[root@vkill'host ~]# grub
grub> root (hd1,1)
Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83
grub> setup (hd1)
Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... yes
Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists... yes
Checking if "/boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists... yes
Running "embed /boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd1)"... 16 sectors are embedded.
succeeded
Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 (hd1) (hd1)1+16 p (hd1,1)/boot/grub/stage2
/boot/grub/menu.lst"... succeeded
Done.
grub> quit
[root@vkill'host ~]#
13、卸载u盘
[root@vkill'host ~]# umount /dev/sdb2
14、重新启动计算机，BIOS中选择硬盘启动，修改硬盘引导顺序，选择u盘先引导，F10保存，重新启动就ok!
Last modified by vkill on2008/08/21 20:22
grub-install --root-directory=/media/test/
GNU GRUB version 0.97 (640K lower / 3072K upper memory)
[ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported. For the first word, TAB
lists possible command completions. Anywhere else TAB lists the possible
completions of a device/filename. ]
grub> setup --stage2=/boot/grub/stage2 --force-lba (hd0,1) (hd0,1)
Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... yes
Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists... yes
Checking if "/boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists... yes
Running "embed /boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd0,1)"... failed (this is not fatal)
Running "embed /boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd0,1)"... failed (this is not fatal)
Running "install --force-lba --stage2=/boot/grub/stage2 /boot/grub/stage1 (hd0,1) /boot/grub/stage2 p /boot/grub/menu.lst "... succeeded
Done.
grub> quit